References
“The TOP 10 Scientifically Proven Natural Products”
by Dr. Richard Fischer & Dr. Richard Ogletree
References
#1 Grape Seed Extract
1. Passwater R. The New Superantioxidant-Plus. New Canaan CT. Keats Publishing;1992.
2. Uchida, Shinji, Edmastu, et al. Condensed tannins scavage oxygen radicals. Med Sci Res 1980;15:831-832.
3. Facino RM, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from vitis vinifera. 1994;44:594-601.
4. Gugliano D, Ceriello A, Paolisso G. Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care 1996;19:257-267.
5. Folts JD. Gastric administration of a commercial flavanoid dietary supplement inhibits in vivo platelet activity and cyclic flow reductions in stenosed monkey carotid arteries. Poster presentation. America Heart Association annual meeting Anaheim, CA:Nov. 1995.
6. Masquelier J. Procyanidolic oligomers (leucocyanidins). Parfums Cosmet Arom 1990;95:89-97.
7. Beil W, Birkholz C, Sewing KF. Effects of flavanoids on parietal cell acid secretion, gastric mucosal prostaglandin production, and Helicobacter pylori growth. Arzneim-Forsch 1995;45:697-700.
8. Onadet M, Meunier MT, Bastide J, Bastide P. Anthocyanosides extracted from vitis vinefera, vaccinium myrtillus, and pinus maritimus – compared angioprotective activity in vivo. J Pharm Belg 1983;38:41-46.
9. Drubaix I, Viljanen-Tarifa E, Robert AM, Robert L. Role of glycosoaminoglycans in venous disease. Mode of action of some flavonoid drugs. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1995 ;43:461-470.
10. Hong CY, Wang CP, Huang SS, Hsu FL. The inhibitory effect of tannins on lipid peroxidation of rat heart mitochondria. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995;47:138-142.
11. Zafirov D, Bredy-Dobreva G, Litchev V, Papasova M. Antiexudative and capillaritonic effects of procyanidines isolated from grape seeds (V. Vinifera). Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 1990;16:50-54.
12. Doutremepuich JD, Barbier A, Lacheretz F. Effect of Endotelon (procyanidolic oligomers) on experimental acute lymphedema of the rat hindlimb. Lymphology 1991;24:135-139.
13. Michiels C, Arnould T, Houbion A, Remacle J. A comparative study of the protective effect of different phlebotonic agents on endothelial cells in hypoxia. Phlebologie 1991;44:779-786.
14. Remacle J, Houbion A, Michiels C. A comparison of various phlebotonic agents on human endothelial cells of veins subjected to hypoxia. Phlebologie 1991;44:881-889.
15. Gavignet C, Groult N, Godeau G, Robert L, Robert AM. Effect of procyanidolic oligomers on cultured mesenchymal cells. I. Effect on attachment, proliferation and detachment of cells. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1989;37:746-
753.
16. Robert AM, Groult N, Six C, Robert L. The effect of procyanidolic oligomers on mesenchymal cells in culture. II—Attachment of elastic fibers to the cells. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1990;38:601-617.
17. Robert L, Godeau G, Gavignet-Jeannin C, et al. The effect of procyanidolic oligomers on vascular permeability. A study using quantitative morphology. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1990;38:608-616.
18. Hatano T, Yasuhara T, Yoshihara R, et al. Effects of interaction of tannins with co-existing substances. VII. Inhibitory effects of tannins and related polyphenols on xanthine oxidase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990;38:1224-1229.
19. Boissin JP, Corbe C, Siou A. Chorioretinal circulation and dazzling: use of procyanidol oligomers (Endotelon). Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1988;88:173-174, 177-179.
20. Corbe C, Boissin JP, Siou A. Light vision and chorioretinal circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomers (Endotelon). J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11(5):453-460.
21. Soyeux A, Seguin JP, Le Devehat C, Bertrand A. Endotelon. Diabetic retinopathy and hemorheology (preliminary study). Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1987;87:1441-1444.
22. Gabor M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of flavonoids. Prog Clin Biol Res 1986;213:471-480.
23. Chang WC, Hsu FL. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and arachidonate metabolism in platelets by procyanidins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;38:181-188.
24. Royer RJ, Schmidt CL. Evaluation of venotropic drugs by venous gas plethysmography. A study of procyanidolic oligomers (author’s transl). Sem Hop 1981;57:2009-2013.
25. Lagrue G, Olivier-Martin F, Grillot A. A study of the effects of procyanidol oligomers on capillary resistance in hypertension and in certain nephropathies (author’s transl). Sem Hop 1981;57:1399-1401.
26. Gendre PM, Laparra J, Barraud E. Protective effect of procyanidolic oligomers on experimental lathyrism in rats. Ann Pharm Fr 1985;43:61-71.
27. Cahn J, Borzeix MG. Administration of procyanidolic oligomers in rats. Observed effects on changes in the cerebral biochemistry, secondary to multiple infarction. Sem Hop 1983;59:2035-2038.
28. Cahn J, Borzeix MG. Administration of procyanidolic oligomers in rats. Observed effects on changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Sem Hop 1983;59:2031-2034.
29. Blazso G, Gabor M. Oedema-inhibiting effect of procyanidin. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung 1980;56:235-240.
30. Proto F, et al. Electrophysical study of Vitis vinifera procyanoside oligomers effects on retinal function in myopic patients. Ann Ott Clin Ocul 1988;114:85-93.
31. Folts JD. Three glasses of grape but not orange or grapefruit juice inhibit ex vivo platelet aggregation in human volunteers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29 (Suppl 1) : 226A (abstract)
32. Johnson WD, Kayser KL, Brenowitz JB, Seadi SF. A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol in coranary bypass surgery. Am Heart J 1991;121:20-24.
33. Jang M,Cai L,UdeamiGo, et al,cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science1997;275:218-220.
#2 Bilberry
1. Erichsen-Brown C. Medicinal and Other Uses of North American Plants: A Historical Survey with Special Reference to the Eastern Indian Tribes. Dover: Dover Publications;1979.
2. Bissett NG. Ed. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1994 .
3. Guyton AC. Human Physiology and Mechanisms of Disease (fifth edition). Philadelphia; W.B. Saunders;1992.
4. Sala D, Rolando M, Rossi PL, Pissarello L. Effects of anthocyanosides on visual performances at low illumination. Minerva Oftamol 1979;21:283-285.
5. Colantuoni A, Bertuglia S, Magistretti MJ, Donato L. Effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on arterial vasomotion. Arzneim Forsch 1991;41(9):905-909.
6. Leitti A, Cristoni A, Picci M. Studies on Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides. Arzneim Forsch 1976; 26 (5): 829.
7. Magistretti MJ, Conti M, Cristoni A. Antiulcer activity of an anthocyanidin from Vaccinium myrtillus. Arzneim Forsch 1988;38(5):686-690.
8. Magnasco A, Zingiria. Influence of anthocyanosides on the mesopic differential threshold of the retina. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 1966;92:188-193.
9. Thomas C, Barisain P. Effect of anthocyanosides on the capillary fragility of the eye in diabetes and arterial hypertension. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1965;65:212-
217.
10. Ghiringhelli C, Gregoratti L, Marastoni F. Capillarotropic action of anthocyanosides in high dosage in phlebopathic statis. Minerva Cardioangiol 1978;26:255-276.
11. Robert AM, Godeau G, Moati F, Miskulin M. Action of anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillis on the permeability of the blood brain barrier. J Med 1977;8:321-332.
12. Politzer M. Experiences in the medical treatment of progressive myopia (author’s transl). Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1977 Oct;171:616-619.
13. Mian E, Curri SB, Lietti A, Bombardelli E. Anthocyanosides and the walls of the microvessels: further aspects of the mechanism of action of their protective effect in syndromes due to abnormal capillary fragility. Minerva Med 1977 ;68:3565-3581.
14. Bronner MA, Hissler R, Franck H. Action of anthocyanosides and vitamin A on the electro-oculogram of normal subjects. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1976;76:157-161.
15. Bonacina F, Pacchiano F. Complementary activity of anthocyanosides in a preparation with anti-edema and capillary-protective activity. Boll Chim Farm 1974;113:540-550.
16. Neumann L. Long-term therapy of vascular permeability disorders using anthocyanosides. Munch Med Wochenschr 1973;115:952-954.
17. Alcocer A, Gil Cabello C, Cervantes M. Anthocyanosides in the symptomatic treatment of varicose veins. Prensa Med Mex 1972;37:390-393.
18. Buffler. Study of the rapid action of anthocyanosides by scotoptometry in a selection center. Rev Corps Sante Armees Terre Mer Air 1970;11:809-830.
19. Buffler. Further experiments in the study of the action of anthocyanosides in scotoptometry. Rev Corps Sante Armees Terre Mer Air 1970;11:831-842.
20. Wegmann R, Maeda K, Tronche P, Bastide P. Effects of anthocyanosides on photoreceptors. Cytoenzymatic aspects. Ann Histochim 1969;14:237-256.
21. Zavarise G. Effect of prolonged treatment with anthocyanosides on light sensitivity. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 1968;94:209-214.
22. Bastide P, Rouher F, Tronche P. Rhodopsin and anthocyanosides. Apropos of various experimental facts. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1968;68:801-807.
23. Coget J, Merlen JF. Clinical study of a new chemical agent for vascular protection, Difrarel 20, composed of anthocyanosides extracted from Vaccinum Myrtillus. Phlebologie 1968;21:221-228.
24. Urso G. Effect of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides associated with betacarotenes on light sensitivity. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 1967;93:930-938.
25. Alfieri R, Sole P. Influence of anthocyanosides, in oral-perlingual administration, on the adapto-electroretinogram (AERG) in red light in humans. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1966;160:1590-1593.
26. Gloria E, Peria A. Effect of anthocyanosides on the absolute visual threshold. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 1966;92:595-607.
27. Sevin R, Cuendet JF. Effect of a combination of myrtillus anthocyanosides and beta-carotene on capillary resistance in diabetes. Ophthalmologica 1966;152:109-117.
28. Olin, BR, ed. The Lawrence Review of Natural Products. Facts and Comparisons: St. Louis, MO;1996
29. Jayle,GE, Aubry M, Gavini H, et al. Study concerning the action of anthocyanoside extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus on night vision. Ann Ocul Paris 1965;198:556-562.
30. Cluzel C, Bastide P, Wegman R, Tronche O. Enzymatic activities of the retina and anthocyanoside extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus lacatate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybuyrate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogense, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, 5-nucleotidase, phosphoglucose isomerase). Biochem Pharmacol 1970;19:2295-2302.
31. Scharrer A, Ober M. Anthocyanosides in the treatment of retinopathies. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1981;178:386-389.
32. Fiorni G, Biancacci A, Graziano FM. Perimetric and adaptometric modifications of anthocyanosides and beta-carotene. Ann Ottal Clin Occul 1965;91:371-386.
33. Caselli L. Clinical and electroretinographic sudy on activity of anthocya
nosides. Arch Med Int. 1985;37:29-35.
34. Korzekwa A, Szymankiewiczowa S. Treatment of progressive myopia in children by saddamine and calcium iontophoresis and difrarel. Klin Oczna 1985;87:322-323.
35. Baronet, Lecaillon-Thiobon. Longitudinal study of developing myopia and effects of treatment with atropine and Difrarel E. Bul Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1979;79:417-421.
36. Grisse-Ruyken FJ. The drug treatment of “myopia syndrome.” Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1977;171:623-627.
37. Barradah MA, Shoukry, Hegazy M. Difrarel 100 in the treatment of retinal disorders and high myopia. Bull Ophthalmol Soc Egypt 1967;60:251-252.
38. Bravetti G. Preventive medical treatment of senile cataract with vitamin E and anthocyanosides; Clinical evaluation. Ann Ottal Clin Occul 1989;115:109.
39. Jonadet M, Meunier MT, Bastide J. Bastide P. Anthocyanosides extracted from Vitis vinifera, Vaccinium myrtillus and Pinus maritimus. I. Elastase-inhibiting activities in vitro. II. Compared angioprotective activities in vivo. J Pharm belg 1983;38:31-46.
40. Monboisse JC, Braquet P, Randoux A, Borel JP. Non-enzymatic degradation of acid-soluble calf skin collagen by superoxide ion: protective effects of flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol 1983;32:53-38.
41. Kadar A, Robert L, Miskulin M, et all, influence of anthocyanoside treatment on the cholesterol-induced athersclerosis in the rabbit. Paroi Arterielle 1979;5:187-205.
42. Grismondi GL. Treatment of pregnancy-induced phlebopathies. Minerva Ginecologica 1981;33:221-230.
43. Bertuglia S, Nakandrino S, Colantuoni A. Effect of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Pharmacol Res 1995;31:183-187.
44. Cristoni A, Magistretti MJ. Antiulcer and healing activity of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides. Farmaco (Prat) 1987;42(2):29-43.
45. Mertz-Nielsen A, Munck LK, Bukhave K, Rask-Madsen J. A natural flavonoid, IdB 1027, increases gastric luminal release of prostaglandin E2 in healthy subjects. Ital J Gastroenterol 1990;22:288-290.
46. Reynolds JEF. Ed. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopeia (electronic version), Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 1997
#3 Soy
1. Holt S. Soy: it’s more than a hill of beans. Natural Pharmacy 1996;1(1):16-18.
2. Messina M. Modern applications for an ancient bean: soybeans and the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. J Nutr 1995;125:567S-569S.
3. Lock M.Contested meanings of the menopause. Lancet 1991;337:1270-1272.
4. Knight DC, Eden JA. A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens. Obstet
Gynecol 1996;87:897-904.
5. Adlercreutz H, Hamalainen E, Gorbach S, Goldin B. Dietary phyto-oestrogens and the menopause in Japan. Lancet 1992;339:1233.
6. Lee-Jane WL, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, Nagamani M. Effects of soya consumption for one month on steroid hormones in premenopausal women: implications for breast cancer risk reduction. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1996;5:63-70.
7. Peterson G, Barnes S. Genistein inhibition of the growth of human breast cancer cells: independence from estrogen receptors and the multiresistance gene. Biochem Biophys res Commun 1991;179:661-667.
8. Gasparini G. Biological and clinical role of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995;36:103-107.
9. Peterson G, Barnes S. Genistein and biochanin A inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells but not epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation. Prostate 1993;22:335-345.
10. Yangihara K, Ito A, Toge T, Numoto M. Antiproliferative effects of isoflavones on human cancer cell lines established from the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer Res 1993;53:5815-5823.
11. Kennedy AR. The evidence for soybean products as cancer preventive agents. J Nutr 125:733S-744S.
12. Messina Mj, Persky V, Setchell KDR, Barnes S. Soy intake and cancer risk: a review of in vitro and iv vivo data. Nutr Cancer 1994;21:113-131.
13. Potter SM. Overview of proposed mechanisms for the hypochloesterolemic effect of soy. J Nutr 1995;125:606S-611S.
14. Sirtori CR, Lovati R, Manzoni C, et al. Soy and cholesterol reduction: clinical experience. J Nutr 1995;125:598S-605S.
15. Raines EW, Ross R. Biology of atherosclerotic plaque formation: possible role of growth factors in lesion development and the potential impact of soy. J Nutr 1995:125:624S-630S.
16. Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cook-Newell ME. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. New Engl J Med 1995;333:276-282.
17. Omi N, Aoi S, Murata K, Ezawa I. Evaluation of the effect of soybean milk and soybean milk peptide on bone metabolism in the rat model with ovarectomized osteoporosis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1994;40:201-211.
18. Anderson JJ, Ambrose WW, Garner SC. Orally dosed genistein from soy and prevention of cancellous bone loss in two ovarectomized rat models. J Nutr
1995;125:799S (abstract).
19. Messina M, Barnes S. The role of soy products in reducing risk of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991;83:541-546.
20. Cai Q, Wei H. Effect of dietary genistein on antioxidant enzyme activities in SENCAR mice. Nutr Cancer 1996;25:1-7.
21. Baird DD, Umbach DM, Lansdell L, et al. Dietary intervention study to assess estrogenicity of dietary soy among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1685-1690.
22. Hawrylewicz EJ, Zapata JJ, Blair WH. Soy and experimental cancer: animal studies. J Nutr 1995;125:698S-708S.
23. Wilcox JN, Blumenthal BF. Thrombotic mecahnisms in atherosclerosis: potential impact of soy proteins. J Nutr 1995;125:631S-638S.
24. Stone NJ, Nocolosi RJ, Kris-Etherton, et al. American Heart Association. Summary of the scientific conference on the efficacy of hypocholestrolemic dietary interventions. Circulation 1996;1994:3388-3391.
25. Chorazy PA, Himelhoch S, Hpwood N, et al. Persistent hypothyroidism in an infant receiving a soy formula: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 1995;96:148-150.
#4 Ginkgo Biloba
1. Brown DJ. Phytotherapy: herbal medicine meets clinical science. NARD Journal 1996;118(5):41-52.
2. Salvador RL. Herbal medicine: Ginkgo. Can J Pharm 1995;July/August:39-52.
3. Fachinformation: Tebonin(R), Ginkgo extract. Dr. William Schwabe GmbH & Co.,Karlsruhe,1993.
4. Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insuffiency. Br J Clin Pharmac 1992;34:352-385.
5. Lebuisson DA, et al. Treatment of senile macular degeneration with Ginkgo biloba extract: a preliminary double-blind drug vs placebo study. Presse Med 1986 15:1156-1558.
6. Lagrue, et al. Idiopathic cyclic edema: the role of capillary hyperpermeability and its correction by Ginkgo biloba extract. Presse Med 1986;15:1550-1553.
7. Emerit I, Arutyunyan R, Oganesian N, et al. Radiation induced clastogenic actors: anticlastogenic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;18(6):985-991.
8. Dhainaut JA, Tenaillon A, Tulzo Y. Platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist BN 52021 in the treatment of severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1720-1728.
9. Maitra I, Marcocci L, Droy-Lefaix MT, Packer L. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;49:1649-1655
. 10. Kose K, Dogan P. Lipoperoxidation induced by hydrogen peroxide in human erythrocyte membranes. 1. Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). J Int Med Res 1995;23:1-8.
11. Smith PF, Maclennan K, Darlington CL. The neuroprotective properties of the Ginkgo biloba leaf: a review of the possible relationship to platelet-activating factor (PAF). J Ethnopharmacol 1996 ;50:131-139.
12. Drabaek H, Petersen JR, Winberg N, Hansen KF, Mehlsen J. The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in patients with intermittent claudication. Ugeskr Laeger 1996;158:3928-3931.
13. Kanowski S, Herrmann WM, Stephan K, Wierich W, Horr R. Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996;29:47-56.
14. Plath P, Olivier J. Results of combined low-power laser therapy and extracts of Ginkgo biloba in cases of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1995;49:101-104.
15. Semlitsch HV, Anderer P, Saletu B, Binder GA, Decker KA. Cognitive psychophysiology in nootropic drug research: effects of Ginkgo biloba on event-related potentials (P300) in age-associated memory impairment. Pharmacopsychiatry 1995;28:134-142.
16. Allain H, Raoul P, Lieury A, et al. Effect of two doses of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the dual-coding test in elderly subjects. Clin Ther 1993;15:549-558.
17. Hoffmann F, Beck C, Schutz A, Offermann P. Ginkgo extract EGb 761 (tenobin)/HAES versus naftidrofuryl (Dusodril)/HAES. A randomized study of therapy of sudden deafness. Laryngorhinootologie 1994;73:149-152.
18. Kunkel H. EEG profile of three different extractions of Ginkgo biloba.
Neuropsychobiology 1993;27:40-45.
19. Koltringer P, Langsteger W, Klima G, Reisecker F, Eber O. Hemorheologic effects of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Dose-dependent effect of EGb 761 on microcirculation and viscoelasticity of blood. Fortschr Med 1993;111:170-172.
20. Therapy of brain function disorders in the elderly. Proven therapeutic results with Ginkgo biloba extract in degenerative and vascular dementia. Report of a symposium. Munich, 7 December 1990. Fortschr Med Suppl 1991;107:1-19.
21. Witte S, Anadere I, Walitza E. Improvement of hemorheology with Ginkgo biloba extract. Decreasing a cardiovascular risk factor. Fortschr Med 1992;110:247-250.
22. Grassel E. Effect of Ginkgo-biloba extract on mental performance. Double-blind study using computerized measurement conditions in patients with cerebral insufficiency. Fortschr Med 1992;110:73-76.
23. Raabe A, Raabe M, Ihm P. Therapeutic follow-up using automatic perimetry in chronic cerebroretinal ischemia in elderly patients. Prospective double-blind study with graduated dose Ginkgo biloba treatment (EGb 761). Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1991;199:432-438.
24. Herrschaft H. The clinical application of Ginkgo biloba in dementia syndromes (restoration of brain performance in vascular or degenerative CNS disease). Pharm Unserer Zeit 1992;21:266-275.
25. Meyer B. A multicenter study of tinnitus. Epidemiology and therapy. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1986;103:185-188.
26. Dubreuil C. Therapeutic trial in acute cochlear deafness. A comparative study of Ginkgo biloba extract and nicergoline. Presse Med 1986;15:1559-1561.
27. Meyer B. Multicenter randomized double-blind drug vs. placebo study of the treatment of tinnitus with Ginkgo biloba extract. Presse Med 1986;15:1562-1564.
28. Claussen CF. Diagnostic and practical value of craniocorpography in vertiginous syndromes. Presse Med 1986;15:1565-1568.
29. Haguenauer JP, Cantenot F, Koskas H, Pierart H. Treatment of equilibrium disorders with Ginkgo biloba extract. A multicenter double-blind drug vs. placebo study. Presse Med 1986;15:1569-1572.
30. Lanthony P, Cosson JP. The course of color vision in early diabetic retinopathy treated with Ginkgo biloba extract. A preliminary double-blind versus placebo study. J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11:671-674.
31. Rudofsky G. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in arterial occlusive disease. Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Fortschr Med 1987;105:397-400.
32. Bauer U. 6-Month double-blind randomised clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba extract versus placebo in two parallel groups in patients suffering from peripheral arterial insufficiency. Arzneim Forsch 1984;34:716-720.
33. Wilkens JH, et al. Effects of a PAF-antagonist (BN 52063) on bronchoconstriction and platelet activation during exercise induced asthma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990;29:85-91.
34. Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Ginkgo biloba. Lancet 1992;340:1136-1139.
35. Bauer U. Long term treatment of peripheral arterial disease with Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). A three year study. Vasa 1986;Suppl 15:26.
36. Emerit I, Oganesian N, Sarkisian T, et al. Clastogenic factors in the plasma of Chernobyl accident workers: anticlastogenic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Radit Res 1995;144(2):198-205.
#5 Echinacea
6. Wacker A, Hilbig W. Virus inhibition with Echinacea purpurea. Planta Med 1978;33:89-102.
7. Tubaro A, Trangi E, Del Negro P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction of Echinacea augustifolia. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987;39:567-569.
8. Bissett NG, ed. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1994.
9. Dorsch W. Clinical application of extracts of Echinacea purpurea or Echinacea pallida. Critical evaluation of controlled clinical studies.Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1996;90:117-122.
10. Bukovsky M, Vaverkova S, Kostalova D. Immunomodulating activity of Echinacea gloriosa L., Echinacea angustifolia DC. and Rudbeckia speciosa Wenderoth ethanol-water extracts. Pol J Pharmacol 1995;47:175-177.
11. Wildfeuer A, Mayerhofer D. The effects of plant preparations on cellular functions in body defense. Arzneim-Forsch 1994 Mar;44:361-366.
12. Muller-Jakic B, Breu W, Probstle A, Redl K, Greger H, Bauer R. In vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase by alkamides from Echinacea and Achillea species. Planta Med 1994 Feb;60:37-40.
13. Bukovsky M, Vaverkova S, Kostalova D, Magnusova R. Immunomodulating activity of ethanol-water extracts of the roots of Echinacea gloriosa L., Echinacea angustifolia DC. and Rudbeckia speciosa Wenderoth tested on the immune system in C57BL6 inbred mice. Cesk Farm 1993;42:184-187.
14. Facino RM, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Direct characterization of caffeoyl esters with antihyaluronidase activity in crude extracts from Echinacea angustifolia roots by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. Farmaco 1993;48:1447-1461.
15. Paranich AV, Pocherniaeva VF, Dubinskaia GM, et al. Effect of supposed radioprotectors on oxidation-reduction of vitamin E in tissues of irradiated rats. Radiats Biol Radioecol 1993;33:653-7.
16. Bukovsky M, Kostalova D, Magnusova R, Vaverkova S. Testing for immu
nomodulating effects of ethanol-water extracts of the above-ground parts of the plants Echinaceae (Moench) and Rudbeckia L. Cesk Farm 1993;42:228-231.
17. Lersch C, Zeuner M, Bauer A, et al. Nonspecific immunostimulation with low doses of cyclophosphamide (LDCY), thymostimulin, and Echinacea purpurea extracts (echinacin) in patients with far advanced colorectal cancers: preliminary results. Cancer Invest 1992;10:343-348.
18. Egert D, Beuscher N. Studies on antigen specifity of immunoreactive arabinogalactan proteins extracted from Baptisia tinctoria and Echinacea purpurea. Planta Med 1992;58:163-165.
19. Wagner H, Jurcic K. Immunologic studies of plant combination preparations. In-vitro and in-vivo studies on the stimulation of phagocytosis. Arzneim-Forsch 1991;41:1072-1076.
20. Steinmuller C, Roesler J, Grottup E, et al. Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosuppressed mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans, and Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Immunopharmacol 1993;15:605-614.
21. Lersch C, Zeuner M, Bauer A, et al. Stimulation of the immune response in outpatients with hepatocellular carcinomas by low doses of cyclophosphamide (LDCY), echinacea purpurea extracts (Echinacin) and thymostimulin. Arch Geschwulstforsch 1990;60:379-383.
22. Gaisbauer M, Schleich T, Stickl HA, Wilczek I. The effect of Echinacea purpurea Moench on phagocytosis in granulocytes measured by chemiluminescence. Arzneim-Forsch 1990;40:594-598.
23. Schranner I, Wurdinger M, Klumpp N, Losch U, Okpanyi SN. Modification of avian humoral immunoreactions by Influex and Echinacea angustifolia extract. Zentralbl Veterinarmed [B] 1989;36:353-364.
24. Tragni E, Galli CL, Tubaro A, Del Negro P, Della Loggia R. Anti-inflammatory activity of Echinacea angustifolia fractions separated on the basis of molecular weight. Pharmacol Res Commun 1988;20 Suppl 5:87-90.
25. Bauer VR, Jurcic K, Puhlmann J, Wagner H. Immunologic in vivo and in vitro studies on Echinacea extracts.Arzneim-Forsch 1988;38:276-281.
26. Vomel T. Effect of a plant immunostimulant on phagocytosis of erythrocytes by the reticulohistiocytary system of isolated perfused rat liver. Arzneim-Forsch 1985;35:1437-1439.
27. Wagner H, Proksch A, Riess-Maurer I, et al.Immunostimulating action of polysaccharides (heteroglycans) from higher plants. Arzneim-Forsch 1985;35:1069-1075.
28. Tragni E, Tubaro A, Melis S, Galli CL. Evidence from two classic irritation tests for an anti-inflammatory action of a natural extract, Echinacina B. Food Chem Toxicol 1985;23:317-319.
29. Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, Lohmann-Matthes ML. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-849.
30. Wagner H, Proksch A, Riess-Maurer I, et al. Immunostimulant action of polysaccharides (heteroglycans) from higher plants. Preliminary communication. Arzneim-Forsch 1984;34:659-661.
31. Samochowiec E, Urbanska L, Manka W, Stolarska E. Evaluation of the effect of Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia extracts of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Wiad Parazytol 1979;25:77-81.
32. Proceedings: Echinacea activates the properdin system. Med Monatsschr 1976;30:32-33.
33. Orinda D, Diederich J, Wacker A. Antiviral activity of components of Echinacea purpurea. Arzneim-Forsch 1973;23:1119-1120.
34. Chone B, Manidakis G. Echinacin-test zur leukozytenprovokation bei efict strahlentherapie. Deutch Med Wschr 1969;27:1406-1409.
35. Phohl P. Therapy of radiation-induced leukopenia by Esberitox. Med Klin 1969;64:1546-1547.
36. Coeugniet EG, Kuhnast R. Recurrent candidiasis: adjuvant immunotherapy with different formulations of Ecinacin. Therapiewoche 1986;36:3352-3358.
37. Braunig B, et al. Echinacea purpurea radix for strengthening the immune response in flu-like infections. Z Phytother 1992;13:7-13.
38. Schoneberger D. The influence of immune-stimulating effects of pressed juice from Echinacea purpurea on the course and severity of colds. Results of a double-blind study. Forum Immunolgie 1992;8:2-12.
#6 Saw Palmetto
1. Werbach MR, Murray MT. Botanical Influences on Illness. Tarzana, CA:Third Line Press,1994.
2. Tyler VE. The Honest Herbal, Third ed. Binghampton, NY:Pharmaceutical Products Press,1993.
3. Berges RR, Weindeler J, Trampisch HJ, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of beta-sitosterol in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lancet 1995;345:1529-1532.
4. Delos S, Carsol JL, Ghazarossian E, et al. Testosterone metabolism in primary cultures of human prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol1995;55:375-383.
5. Di Silvero F, D’Eramo G, Lubrano C. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol1992;21:309-314.
6. Braeckman J. The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Curr Ther Res 1994;55:776-785.
7. Casarosa C, Di Coscio MC, Fratta M. Lack of effects of Serenoa repens on plasma levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Clin Ther 1988;10:585-588.
8. Strauch G, Perles P, Vergult G. Comparison of finasteride (Proscar) and Serenoa repens (Permixon) in the inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase in healthy male volunteers. Eur Urol1994;26:247-252.
9. Tasca A, Barulli M, Cavazzana A, et al. Treatment of obstruction in prostatic adenoma using an extract or serenoa repens. Double-blind clinical test v. placebo. Min Urol Nefr 1985;37:87-91.
10. Champault G, Patel JC, and Bonnard AM. A double-blind trial of an extract of the plant Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Clin Pharmac1984;18:461-462.
11. Breu W, Hagenlocher M, Redl, et al. Antiphlogistic activity of an extract from Sabal serrulata fruits prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide/ In vitro inhibition of the cyclooxygenas and 5-lipooxygenase metabolism. Arzneim-Forsch 1992;42:547-551.
12. Debrovner D. Prostate: new drugs, new tests, new hope.American Druggist 1992;206(4):55-61.
13. Schlossberg L, Zuidema GD. The Johns Hopkins Atlas of Human Functional Anatomy. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press,1977.
14. Di Silverio F, D’Eramo G, Flammia GP, et al. Pharmacological combinations in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. J Urol (Paris) 1993;99:316-320.
15. Green L, Wysowski DK, Fourcroy JL. Gynecomastia and breast cancer during finasteride therapy. N Engl J Med 1996;335:823.
16. Grasso M Montesano A, Buonaguidi A, et al. Comparative effects of alfuzosin versus Serenoa repens in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arch Esp Urol 1995;48:97-103.
17. Adriazola SM, Lozano OJL, Garcia CE, et al. Symptomatic treatment of benign hypertrophy of the prostate. Comparative study of prazosin and Serenoa repens. Arch Esp. Urol 1992;45:211-213.
18. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Eur Urol 1996;30:S2:76 (abstract 240).
#7 Valerian
1. Beliveau J. Herbal medicine: valerian officinalis. Can Pharm J 1986;119:25-27.
2. Tyler VE. The Honest Herbal, Third Edition. New York, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1993.
3. Olin BR, ed. The Lawrence Review of Natural Products. Facts and Comparisons: St. Louis, MO;1996.
4. Hendriks H, Bos R, Allersma DP, et al. Pharmacological screening of valerenal and some other components of essential oil of Valeriana officinalis. Planta Med 1981;42:62-68.
5. Oshima Y, Matsuoka S, Ohizumi Y. Antidepressant principles of Valeriana fauriei roots. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1995;43;169-170.
6. Riedel E, Hansel R, Ehrke G. Inhibition of gamma aminobutyric acid catabolism by valerenic acid derivatives. Planta Med 1982;46:219-220.
7. Cavadas C, Araujo I, Cotrim MD, et al. In vitro study on the interaction of Valeriana officinalis L. extracts and their amino acids on GABA-A receptors in the rat brain. Arzneim-Forsch 1995;45:753-755.
8. Brown DJ. Valerian: nature s non-addictive alternative to traditional sedatives. Drug Store News for the Pharmacist 1994;4(Jul):47-48.
9. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information 96. Bethesda,MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1996.
10. Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, Munoz-Box R. Aqueous extract of valerian root improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982;17:65-71.
11. Leathwood PD, Chauffard F. Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Med 1985;51:144-148.
12. Balderer G, Borbely AA. Effect of valerian on human sleep. Physcopharmacology (Berl) 1985;87:406-409.
13. Gerhard U, Linnebrink N, Georghiadou C, Hobi V. Vigilance-decreasing effects of 2 plant-derived sedatives. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1996;85:473-481.
14. Dressing H, Riemann D, et al. Insomnia: Are valerian/balm combinations of equal value to benzodiazepines. Therapiewoche 1992;42:726-736.
15. Eickstedt KW. The influence of valepotriates on the effect of alcohol. Arzneim-Forsch 1969;19:995-997.
16. Mayer B, Springer E. Psychoexperimental studies on the effect of a valepotriate combination as well as the combined effects of valerian and alcohol. Arznein-Forsch 1974;24:2066-2070.
17. Kohnen R, Oswald WD. The effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions. Pharmacopsychiatry 1988;21:447-4488.
18. Moser L. Drugs to alleviate stress in traffic? Dtsch Apoth Ztg 1981;121:2651-2654.
19. Andreatini R, Leite JR. Effect of valepotriates on the behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze during diazepam withdrawal. Eur J Pharmacol 1994;260:233-235.
20. Houghton PJ. The biological activity of valerian and related plants. J Ethnopharmacology 1988;22:121-142.
21. Castleman M. The Healing Herbs. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1991.
22. Bounthanh C, Bergmann C, Beck JP. Valepotriates, a new class of cytoxic
and antitumor agents. Planta Med 1981;41:21-28.
23. Schellenberg V, Schellenberg R, Janig L. Quantitative EEG monitoring in phyto- and psycho-pharmacological treatment of psychosomatic and affective disorders. Schizophrenia Res 1993;9:2-3 (abstract).
#8 Ginger
1. Bisset NG, ed. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1994.
2. Kuichi F, Iwakami S, Shibuya M, et al. Inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis by gingerols and diaryheptanoids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992;40:387-391.
3. Cao ZF, Chen ZG, Guo P, et al. Scavenging effects of ginger on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993;12:750-751,764.
4. Lumb AB. Effect of dried ginger on human platelet function. Thromb Haemost 1994;71:110-111.
5. Verma SK, Singh J, Khamesra R, Bordia A. Effects of ginger on platelet aggregation in man. Indian J Med Res 1993;98:240-242.
6. Mowrey DB, Clayson DE. Motion sickness, ginger and psychophysics. Lancet 1982;(March 20):655-657.
7. Qian DS Liu ZS. Pharmacologic studies of antimotion sickness actions of ginger. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1992;12:95-98,70.
8. Huang QR, Iwamoto M, Aoki S, et al. Anti-hydroxytryptamine 3 effect of galanolactone, diterpenoid isolated from ginger. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1991;39:397-399.
9. Bone ME, Wilkinson DJ, Young JR, et al. Anaesthesia 1990;45:669-671.
10. Phillips S, Ruggier R, Hutchinson SE. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) – an antiemetic for day case surgery. Anaesthesia 1993;48:715-171.
11. Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38(1):19-24.
12. Grontved A, Brask T, Kambskard J, Hentzer E. Ginger root against seasickness. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1988;105:45-49.
13. Grontved A, Hentzer E. Vertigo-reducing effect of ginger root. A controlled clinical study. ORL Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1986;48:282-286.
14. Wood CD, Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, et al. Habituation and motion sickness. J Clin Pharmacol 1994;34:628-634.
15. Srivasta KC, Mustafa T. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rheumatism and musculoskeletal disorders. Med Hypotheses 1992;39:342-348.
16. Srivasta KC, Mustafa T. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and rheumatic disorders. Med Hypotheses 1989;29:25-28.
17. Tyler VE. Herbal remedies. J Pharm Technol 1995;11:214-220.
18. Tyler VE. What pharmacists need to know about herbal remedies. J Am Pharmaceut Asssoc. 1996;NS36(1):29-37.
19. Tyler VE. The Honest Herbal, Third Edition. Binghampton, NY:Pharmaceutical Products Press;1993.
20. Gerald J. The herbal generall historie of plants. London:1597.
21. Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-120.
#9 Milk Thistle
1. Ely H. Dermatologic therapies you have probably never heard of. Dermatol Clin 1989;7:19-35.
2. Brown DJ. Milk thistle herb provides natural support for the liver. Drug Store News for the Pharmacist;Nov. 14, 1994:58,60.
3. Altorjay I, Dalmi L, Sari B, et al. The effect of silibinin (Legalon) on the free radical scavenger mechanisms of human erythrocytes in vitro. Acta Physiol Hung 1992;80:375-380.
4. Feher J, Vereckei A, Lengyel G. Role of free radical reactions in liver diseases. Acta Physiol Hung 1992;80:351-361.
5. Horvath T, Szabo L, Nagy Z, et al. Endogenous scavenger levels (vitamin E and A) of patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease under different environmental conditions.Acta Physiol Hung 1992;80:381-339.
6. Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Palmeri V, et al. The effect of silymarin on plasma levels of malon-dialdehyde in patients receiving long-term treatment with psychotropic drugs. Curr Ther Res 1994;55:537-545.
7. Velussi M, Cernigoi M, Viezzoli L, et al. Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde, and daily insulin need in cirrhotic diabetic patients. Curr
Ther Res 1993;53:545.
8. Awang D. Milk thistle. Can Pharm J 1993; Oct. 403-404,422.Curr Ther Res 1993;53:533-545.
9. Leber HW, Knauff S. Influence of silymarin on drug metabolizing enzymes in rat and man. Arzneim-Forsch 1976;26:1603-1605.
10. Geller LI, Gladkikh LN, Griaznova MV. Treatment of fatty hepatosis in diabetics. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1993;39:20-22.
11. Shear NH, Malkiewicz IM, Klein D,et al. Acetaminophen-induced toxicity to human epidermoid cell line A431 and hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2, in vitro, is diminished by silymarin. Skin Pharmacol 1995;8:279-291.
12. Muriel P, Garciapina T, Perez-Alvarez V, Mourelle M. Silymarin protects against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. J Appl Toxicol 1992;12:439-442.
13. Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G,et al. Liver-protective action of silymarin therapy in chronic alcoholic liver diseases. Orv Hetil 1989;130:2723-2727.
14. Szilard S, Szentgyorgyi D, Demeter I. Protective effect of Legalon in workers exposed to organic solvents. Acta Med Hung 1988;45:249-256.
15. Kupcova V, Turecky L, Holoman J, et al. Therapeutic effect of silymarin in patients with liver cirrhosis. Cas Lek Cesk 1987;126:1406-1409.
16. Feher J, Lang I, Nekam K, et al. Effect of free radical scavengers on superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Acta Med Hung 1988;45:265-276.
17. Boari C, Montanari FM, Galletti GP, et al. Toxic occupational liver diseases. Therapeutic effects of silymarin. Minerva Med 1981;72:2679-2688.
18. Carrescia O, Benelli L, Saraceni F, et al. Silymarin in the prevention of hepatic damage by psychopharmacologic drugs. Experimental premises and clinical evaluations. Clin Ter 1980;95:157-164.
19. Musso A, Giacchino M, Vietti M, Vaccino P, Cerutti A. The use of silymarin and SAMe in the treatment of acute infective hepatitis in childhood. Minerva Pediatr 1980;32:1057-1067.
20. Tkacz B, Dworniak D. Sylimarol in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis. Wiad Lek 1983;36:613-616.
21. Mingrino F, Tosti U, Anania S, Buglioni MC, Viola F. Clinical study of the therapeutic action of silymarin in acute infectious hepatitis in childhood. Minerva Pediatr 1979;31:451-456.
22. Magliulo E, Gagliardi B, Fiori GP. Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, carried out at two medical centres (author’s transl). Med Klin 1978;73:1060-1065.
23. Kiesewetter E, Leodolter I, Thaler H. Results of two double-blind studies on the effect of silymarine in chronic hepatitis (author’s transl). Leber Magen Darm 1977;7:318-323.
24. Sawaryn T, Szymonski K, Machalska M.Sylimarine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis. Przegl Epidemiol 1977;31:445-450.
25. Reutter FW, Haase W. Clinical experience with silymarin in the treatment of chronic liver disease(author’s transl). Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1975;64:1145-1151.
26. Realini S, Gonvers JJ, Hofstetter JR. Clinical investigation of silymarin in chronic liver diseases (author’s transl). Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1975;64:595-598.
27. Bode JC, Schmidt U, Durr HK. Silymarin for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis? Report of a controlled trial (author’s transl). Med Klin 1977;72:513-518.
28. Trinchet JC, Coste T, Levy VG, et al. Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1989;13:120-124.
29. Pietrangelo A, Borella F, Casalgrandi G, et al. Antioxidant activity of silybinin in vivo during long-term iron overload in rats. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1941-1949.
30. Hruby K, Csomos G, Fuhrmann M, Thaler H. Chemotherapy of Amanita phalloides poisoning with intravenous silibinin. Hum Toxicol 1983;2:183-195.
#10 St. John’s Wort
1. Tyler VE. The Honest Herbal, Third Edition Binghampton, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press;1993.
2. Bloomfield HH, McWilliams P. Hypericum and Depression Los Angeles, CA: Prelude Press;1996.
3. Mindell E. Earl Mindell’s Herb Bible New York, NY: Simon and Schuster;1992.
4. Meruelo D, Lavie G. Mechanisms of the anti-retroviral activity of aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin. Int Conf AIDS 1989;5:662 (Abstract).
5. Oubre AY. Hupericin: an antiviral active principle of St. John’s wort. Unpublished article.
6. Kuhn D. Hypericin: an answer for safer blood? Common Factor 1995;Apr(no.10):36.
7. Stevenson NR, Lenard J. Antiretroviral activities of hypericin and rose bengal photodynamic effects on Friend leukemia virus infection of mice. Antiviral Res 1993;21:119-127.
8. Lavie G, Valentine F, Levin B, et al. Studies of the mechanisms of action of the antiretroviral agents hypericin and pseudohypericin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:5963-5967.
9. Takahasi I, Nakanishi S, Kobayashi E, et al. Hypericin and pseudohypericin specifically inhibit protein kinase C: possible relation to their antiretroviral activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989;165:1207-1212.
10. Weiner DB, Lavie G, Williams WV, et al. Hypericin mediates anti-HIV effects in vitro. Int Conf AIDS 1989;5:659(abstract).
11. Lopez-Bazzocchi I, Hudson JB, Towers GH. Antiviral activity of the photoactive plant pigment hypericin. Photochem Photobiol 1991;54:95-98.
12. Cohen PA, Hudson JB, Towers GH. Viral activities of anthraquinones, bianthrones, and hypericin. Experentia 1996;52:180-183.
13. Hudson JB, Harris L, Towers GH. The importance of light in the anti-HIV effect of hypericin. Antiviral Res 1993;20:173-178.
14. Fehr MJ, Carpenter SL, Wannemuehler Y, Petrich JW. Roles of oxygen and photoinduced acidification in the light-dependent antiviral activity of hypocrellin A. Biochemistry 1995;34:15845-15848.
15. Nishiuchi T, Utsumi T, Kanno T, et al. Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide generation by hypericin, an antiretroviral agent. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995;323:335-342.
16. Gulick R, Lui H, Anderson R, et al. Human hypericism: a photosensitivity reaction to hypericin (St. John’s Wort). Int Conf AIDS 1992;8:B90(abstract).
17. Mcauliffe V, Gulick R, Hochster H, et al. A phase I dose escalation study of synthetic hypericin in HIV infected patients (ACTG 150). Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (1st) 1993 Dec 12-16:159.
18. Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, et al. St. John’s wort for depression – an overview and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Br Med J 1996;313:253-258.
19. Muller WE, Schafer CS. St. John’s wort: in-vitro study bout hypericum extract, hypericin and kampferol as antidepressants. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung 1996;136:1015-1022.
20. Bladt S, Wagner H. Inhibition of MAO by fractions and constituents of hypericum extract. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S57-S59.
21. Thiele B, Brink I, Plock M. Modulation of cytokine expression by hypericum extract. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S60-S62.
22. Martinez B, Kasper S, Ruhrmann S, Moller HJ. Hypericum in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S29-S33.
23. Hubner WD, Lande S, Podzuweit H. Hypericum treatment of mild depressions with somatic symptoms. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S12-S14.
24. Schmidt U, Sommer H. St. John’s wort extract in the ambulatory therapy of depression. Attention and reaction ability are preserved. Fortschr Med 1993;111:339-342.
25. Johnson D, Ksciuck H, Woelk H, et al. Effects of hypericum extract LI 160 compared with maprotiline on resting EEG and evoked potentials in 24 volunteers. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S44-S46.
26. Schulz H, Jobert M. Effects of hypericum extract on the sleep EEG in older volunteers. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S39-S43.
27. Woelk H, Burkard G, Grunwald J. Benefits and risks of the hypericum extract LI 160: drug-monitoring study with 3250 patients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S34-S38.
28. Warnecke G. Beeinflussung klimakterischer depressionen. Z Alleg Med 1985;62:1111-1113.
29. Rotts I. Proceedings of the joint 2nd International Congress of Phytotherapy and 7th Congress of the German Society of Phytotherapy. Munich, West Germany; September, 1996.